infarto

Quais os sintomas de um infarto? Aprenda a reconhecer

As doenças do coração matam cerca de 17,5 milhões de pessoas ao redor do mundo, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Entretanto, a identificação dos sinais e dos sintomas de um infarto pode permitir um primeiro socorro eficiente e evitar que o pior aconteça.

O que muitas pessoas não sabem é que nem sempre o sinal de princípio de infarto vem do coração. Saber quais os sintomas e como agir ao presenciar uma situação como essa é fundamental e, por isso, a Brasil Emergências Médicas reuniu tudo que você precisa sobre infarto neste artigo. Confira!

Quais os sinais de princípio de infarto?

Apesar da dor no peito ser um dos sintomas mais conhecidos e característicos do infarto, é preciso ter em mente que ele não é o único. Os sinais de princípio geralmente começam mais leves e vão se intensificando, sendo eles:

  • Sudorese;
  • Tontura e náuseas;
  • Maxilar dolorido e mandíbula apertada;
  • Dores nos ombros, se espalhando até o peito;
  • Palpitação;
  • Garganta queimando ou sensação de estar engasgado;
  • Falta de ar e dificuldade para respirar;
  • Pressão e dor no peito;
  • Tosse seca;
  • Dor ou formigamento que se inicia na região peitoral e estende para o braço esquerdo, principalmente.

Alguns sintomas podem ser diferentes nas mulheres

As mulheres podem apresentar sintomas mais característicos do sexo e menos usuais. Sensação de cansaço sem nenhuma causa aparente e dor no estômago são alguns deles. Além disso, pode ocorrer também o infarto silencioso, em que não há presença de nenhum dos sintomas clássicos como os citados acima, incluindo a dor no peito.

E por que são diferentes?

Por terem um coração um pouco menor que os homens, as mulheres têm uma frequência cardíaca média mais acelerada, além de artérias coronárias mais finas. Essa diferença fisiológica pode ocasionar a uma maior tendência a bloqueios e a sensação de pressão ou aperto no peito. Diferente dos casos dos homens, que sentem pontadas e dores mais intensas.

O que é o infarto?

O infarto, também chamado de infarto agudo do miocárdio, é uma consequência da interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo ao coração, que é bloqueado por motivos como coagulação ou placa de gordura. Assim, o coração não funciona por alguns minutos, o que pode causar a morte do tecido da região ou outros danos irreversíveis, até mesmo a morte.

Principais causas do infarto?

As principais causas do infarto e os seus fatores de risco incluem:

  • Sobrepeso e obesidade;
  • Colesterol alto;
  • Hipertensão;
  • Tabagismo;
  • Diabetes mellitus;
  • Sedentarismo;
  • Estresse;
  • Depressão e ansiedade.

 Prevenção

A melhor maneira de prevenir um infarto é manter um estilo de vida saudável, com práticas regulares de exercício físico, alimentação balanceada e equilibrada, parar de fumar ou ingerir álcool em excesso e manter-se na faixa de peso adequada.

Como agir em caso de infarto?

Bom, agora que sabe o que é o infarto, os principais sintomas e causas, é preciso saber como agir e quais os primeiros socorros adequados para esses casos, uma vez que essas medidas podem ser responsáveis por salvar vidas.

Veja a seguir os primeiros socorros para infarto:

  1. Assim que reconhecer alguns dos sintomas, como náusea, dores no peito ou falta de ar, chame serviço de emergência imediatamente, seja o SAMU 192 ou um serviço de ambulância particular de sua preferência;
  2. Procure acalmar a vítima e mantê-la deitada em um local tranquilo, arejado e ventilado, sem que ela faça nenhum tipo de esforço físico;
  3. Afrouxe as roupas, tire os sapatos e desabotoe a camisa para aliviar;
  4. Certifique-se que a vítima não tenha alergia ao medicamento AAS, caso não tenha, ofereça um comprido para ela mastigar;
  5. Não ofereça nenhum tipo de bebida ou calmante;
  6. Aguarde o serviço de emergência junto ao paciente e verifique seus sinais vitais, caso ele perca a consciência ou pare de respirar, faça a massagem cardíaca respiratória.

O que não fazer em caso de infarto?

Além dos primeiros socorros, saber o que não fazer para ajudar a vítima é muito importante. Veja algumas dicas:

  • Caso haja a queixa dos sintomas, não espere ele desaparecer. Chame o serviço de emergência imediatamente.
  • Não deixe a vítima sozinha de maneira nenhuma.
  • Não ofereça nenhuma bebida ou comida ao paciente, exceto, caso necessário, uma aspirina para ele mastigar caso esteja consciente.

O que fazer quando você sente os sintomas de infarto?

Se você identificar algum sintoma de infarto, não deixe de:

  • Procurar socorro médico: assim que perceber qualquer sinal e suspeite ser infarto, procure um médico ou serviço de emergência imediatamente, quanto antes as medidas forem tomadas, menor as chances de sequelas ou complicações;
  • Mastigue um comprimido de aspirina. Pode ser apenas uma pequena dose que já terá o efeito esperado de impedir a coagulação do sangue;
  • Mantenha a calma. Deixe suas roupas folgadas e sem estar apertada, respire fundo e aguarde a ajuda médica.

Como os sintomas do infarto podem ser difíceis de reconhecer, caso tenha alguma dúvida, a melhor opção é procurar um médico e falar da suspeita. Caso já tenha algum problema no coração ou tome algum medicamento, informe ao médico que lhe atender.

O que fazer caso a pessoa pare de respirar?

A massagem para ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) é um procedimento relativamente simples, mas capaz de salvar a vida da vítima de infarto e manter seu estado de saúde até a chegada da ambulância para atendimento especializado.

Veja como realizá-la a seguir:

  1. Caso a vítima esteja em local macio, deite-a no chão ou em uma superfície dura;
  2. Posicione-se ajoelhado ao seu lado;
  3. Coloque as mãos uma sobre a outra e posicione-as em cima do osso do peito da vítima;
  4. Mantenha os braços esticados (não dobre os cotovelos);
  5. Comece a realizar a compressão do peito da vítima, pressionando para baixo e soltando;
  6. Faça cerca de 100 compressões por minuto;
  7. De preferência e se for possível, após realizar as 100 compressões, reveze com outra pessoa até a ambulância chegar ao local.

Quais as complicações e sequelas de um infarto?

As complicações e sequelas do infarto podem ser leves ou graves, a depender da intensidade e do tempo que a vítima foi atendida.

Algumas das principais sequelas podem incluir:

  • Choque cardiogênico;
  • Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva;
  • Aumento de chances para arritmias cardíacas;
  • Paralisia de membros;
  • Problemas na fala.

Caso precise de um serviço de ambulância particular, conte com a Brasil Emergências Médicas. Contamos com ambulâncias equipadas com tecnologia de ponta, além de profissionais extremamente capacitados para todos os tipos de emergência.

Além disso, não deixe de compartilhar essas informações com amigos e familiares para que todos estejam atentos aos sinais de infarto e como agir nesses momentos.

Leia também:

Gilson Rodrigues de Siqueira
Gilson Rodrigues de Siqueira
Formado em enfermagem, pós graduado, palestrante em dependência química, diretor e proprietário da Brasil Emergências Médicas, Visão Tattoo e escritor nas horas vagas.

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